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COVID-19: fisiopatología y propuestas terapéuticas en investigación clínica6436
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La pandemia por COVID-19 declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de marzo del 2020, ha ocasionado al momento 6,287,771 casos y 379,941 muertes en todo el mundo. Alrededor del 80% de las personas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 son asintomáticos, el resto desarrolla la enfermedad COVID-19. Factores como edad, sexo y coexistencia de comorbilidades como hipertensión, diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares y del sistema respiratorio aumentan la gravedad de la enfermedad. Cuando la infección por SARS-CoV-2 alcanza el tracto respiratorio inferior, la respuesta inmune se acompaña de secreción intensa de citocinas y quimiocinas, dando lugar a edema y pérdida de la función de la unidad alveolo-capilar que sumado a la tormenta de citocinas da lugar a la falla orgánica múltiple. Esta revisión describe la fisiopatología relacionada con las manifestaciones clínicas del COVID-19 y presenta los principales fármacos estudiados en ensayos clínicos.
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