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La tendencia en la prevalencia de hipertensión entre niños y adolescentes durante 2000-2014 1653
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ago 1, 2017
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Resumen
La hipertensión arterial es considerado un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, al considerarse un factor de riesgo para la morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. En población infantil se cuenta con poca información respecto a la prevalencia de ésta ya que la evaluación de la presión arterial no se considera dentro de la evaluación periódica de los niños durante la evaluación clínica.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las prevalencias reportadas de hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes de acuerdo al género y al estado de nutrición durante el periodo 2000-2014.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática centrada en la evaluación de la presión arterial alta. Sólo artículos originales fueron seleccionados considerando criterios de inclusión estrictos y revisados por pares. 98 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las búsquedas computarizadas se completaron utilizando múltiples bases de datos.
Resultados: El estado nutricional influye de manera importante e implicando un mayor riesgo para la presencia de hipertensión en los niños. Sin embargo, esta condición no es la misma para los niños con sobrepeso en los Estados Unidos quienes reportaron cifras más bajas de hipertensión que los niños obesos o adolescentes en Asia. En el caso del sexo, se observó que los niños en la mayoría de las regiones son más propensos a tener hipertensión, sin embargo en los Estados Unidos y en África las niñas sufren más de la hipertensión. De acuerdo a la edad, la mayoría de los casos de adolescentes reportan cifras más altas de hipertensión que los niños, donde América Latina reportó la mayor prevalencia. Los datos indican que a pesar de las diferencias entre regiones, la hipertensión infantil se ha incrementado en 14 años y es mayor entre los varones (36,69%) que las niñas (35,87%), y también por el estado nutricional de los individuos (37,29 % de peso normal, 49,49% de obesidad y 68,55% de sobrepeso). Los reportes de prevalencia entre niños y adolescentes en todo el mundo necesita ser mejorada considerablemente para disminuir las inconsistencias.
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Vergara Castañeda, A., Zavaleta Rodríguez, A., Ayala Moreno, R., & Martino Roaro, L. (2017). La tendencia en la prevalencia de hipertensión entre niños y adolescentes durante 2000-2014. Revista Del Centro De Investigación De La Universidad La Salle, 12(47), 77 - 116. https://doi.org/10.26457/recein.v12i47.1244
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