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Estado del arte en financiamiento colectivo de préstamos: del enfoque de riesgo al financiamiento para empresas678
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El fondeo colectivo es una vertical de las finanzas tecnológicas que integra distintas aproximaciones de este modelo de negocio, particularmente, el de retorno financiero ha evolucionado conforme al desarrollo de la tecnología digital, no solo promoviendo inclusión financiera y acceso a financiamiento para consumidores y empresas, también ha captado el interés de investigadores y académicos, los cuales han realizado diversos análisis de su dinámica, desde diferentes perspectivas. Como área de estudio está en expansión, denotándose recientemente la disponibilidad de la literatura, la cual fue escasa en años previos. Considerando un conjunto de artículos, en su mayoría de tipo Open Access, este estudio plantea, en primera instancia, realizar un análisis bibliométrico, para posteriormente y con base en la revisión de la literatura, identificar los enfoques bajo los cuales este modelo de negocio se ha estudiado. Los hallazgos muestran que, bajo la perspectiva de los enfoques analizados, este modelo de negocio ha evolucionado hasta integrarse como una vertical importante y actual de las finanzas tecnológicas, evolución que ha permitido identificar una proporción de los factores mediante los cuales un proyecto o solicitud de préstamo puede llegar a ser exitoso o no exitoso.
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