Santuarios de animales de granja: ¿el corazón del movimiento? Una perspectiva sociopolítica
Palabras clave:
Santuarios, ciudadanía, animales de granja, animales domésticos, comunidades intencionalesResumen
Uno de los desafíos fundamentales para la teoría de los derechos animales consiste en imaginar los contornos de relaciones sociales justas con los “animales de granja”, una vez que dejemos de confinarlos y matarlos para obtener alimento. ¿Qué tipo de relaciones sociales podrían establecer las vacas, los cerdos, los pollos y otros animales con nosotros, así como con otros miembros de su propia especie o con los de otras especies? ¿Qué tipo de vida sexual y familiar? ¿Qué clase de actividades cooperativas podrían desear tener? Actualmente, los santuarios de animales son uno de los pocos espacios donde son planteadas esta clase de preguntas y también son exploradas posibles respuestas. Sin embargo, para que los santuarios sean espacios idóneos y se pueda explorar un futuro mejor, resulta necesario modificar algunas de sus prácticas. Los santuarios de animales se desarrollaron originalmente como lugares de refugio seguro para animales rescatados de mataderos y granjas industriales. Los animales rescatados viven sus vidas con seguridad y comodidad, a la vez que ejercen como “embajadores” —ante el público visitante— de todos los animales que permanecen atrapados en el complejo-industrial-animal. A esto lo llamamos modelo de refugio y defensa. Ciertamente, constituye una visión noble que ha conseguido inspirar a muchas personas. No obstante, ofrecer un refugio seguro no es lo mismo que ensayar el establecimiento de una nueva sociedad interespecie. Una visión alternativa de los santuarios animales consideraría a sus residentes menos como refugiados o embajadores que como ciudadanos y pioneros de nuevas “comunidades intencionales”, con la libertad para crear un nuevo mundo social. Este artículo explora los límites del modelo de refugio y defensa, tanto en términos de los mensajes que comunica a los visitantes humanos como de las libertades que brinda a sus residentes animales, y describe un modelo alternativo basado en las prácticas emergentes dentro de las comunidades intencionales.
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