Problem-based learning for the development of competences in students. Systematic literature review

Abstract

New challenges in education have allowed exploring new innovative strategies that allow students to solve problems by bringing them closer to a reality they will face in the professional world. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on Problem Based Learning (PBL) for the development of competencies. The methodology was developed in two phases, heuristic and hermeneutic. For the first phase, the search criteria implemented were the analysis of research articles and doctoral theses, covering the years 2016 to 2022. For this purpose, databases specialized in scientific production were selected. For the hermeneutic phase, two educational levels were established: 1) upper secondary and 2) higher, and the following analytical axes: a) development of competences, b) type of study and c) area of impact. The results of the studies reviewed show the positive impact generated and influenced by PBL on students' academic development. It is concluded that the implementation of PBL promotes learning, the development of transversal, generic, digital, basic, collaborative, communicative competencies, and collaborative work of students; being this an alternative to implement this learning method for the development of digital competencies in students.