El Hologenoma, una herramienta para el estudio de los problemas ambientales ocasionados por xenobióticos.

Abstract

This review focuses on the potential use of the hologenome as a tool for the study of environmental problems caused by xenobiotics, particularly pesticides, heavy metals and antibiotics. The review provides an overview of the hologenome and developments in recent years, as well as environmental perspectives and applications. The current problem of the impact of xenobiotics on the environment is emphasized, focusing on the effect of pesticides on non-target organisms and their microbiota; the impact of heavy metals on leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria and the effect of antibiotics mainly on the livestock sector. Finally, some model organisms for the study of the hologenome are analyzed, among them insects resistant to pesticides and plants resistant to heavy metals from a context of superorganism or holobiont.