Coevolución Microbiota-Humano y sus implicaciones en salud: de cazadores recolectores a sedentarios industrializados

Abstract

Humans are holobionts, we are biomolecular networks composed of our genome plus its associated microbes that have co-evolved with us throughout human evolution. Given their great diversity of functions, the microbiome composed by intestinal bacteria is the most representative. Recent changes in the lifestyle of modern human populations are resulting in drastic ecological pressures for these microorganisms. Measures aimed at killing or limiting pathogens, combined with other factors such as processed foods, have had negative consequences for the human microbial ecosystem, including changes that may be difficult to reverse. The alteration of this microbiome and the consequent loss of its functional attributes could now explain the drastic increase in non-communicable diseases during the last 30 years. Hence, this review explores the intricate connections between human evolution, their recent changes in lifestyle practices impacting the microbial ecosystem, and their subsequent consequences on health for modern populations.