Resistant bacteria: perspective and reality

Abstract

Bacteria continually develop resistance mechanisms, causing various infections, especially out-of-hospital infections. Resistance mechanisms focus on the production of bacterial enzymes, known as virulence factors, which inactivate antibiotics and make it impossible for the drug to reach the target site, thus rendering the pharmacological effect ineffective and influencing the improvement of the patient´s symptoms. Bacterial strains can develop various resistance mechanisms against different antibiotics, and different bacterial mechanisms can disable antibiotics. Infectious diseases are often treated with traditional methods because is complicated access to hospital care, microbiological studies, or the slow response and cost of antibiotics so that the expected sensitivity of pathogens occurs less frequently and the outcome is predictable according to environmental sensitivity patterns.

This review shows an updated overview of the factors and mechanisms that influence bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment, the health problem is represented in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients and the importance of this diffusion.