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Microbiological isolates, resistance patterns, and positivity rate of blood cultures in patients with neonatal sepsis
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Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the second leading cause of mortality in neonates in Mexico. Neonatal sepsis can have a seasonal behaviour. There is a lack of epidemiological information regarding the most common microorganisms and resistance patterns in the South-Central region of our country. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological isolates, resistance patterns, and positivity rate of blood cultures over one year in patients with neonatal sepsis in the South-Central region of Mexico. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study, collecting information from newborns diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. We collected data on the growth of microorganisms in blood cultures, resistance patterns, and the positivity rate according to the month of patient admission. Results: A total of 776 blood cultures and 211 neonates with neonatal sepsis were included in the study. The overall positivity rate of blood cultures was 61.3% (n=476). The most common bacteria in the blood cultures were Staphylococcus epidermidis (251, 32.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (37, 4.8%), and Staphylococcus hominis (91, 11.7%). Full resistance to antibiotics occurred in 148 cases (34.3%). The proportion of positive blood cultures was higher in the summer, autumn, and winter months compared to the spring (1.8-2.3% vs. 5.5-8.9%) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Gram-positive cocci were the most frequently isolated microorganisms in our sample. The antibiotic resistance rate was high, and the blood culture positivity rate varied according to the season of the year.
Keywords: Neonatal sepsis; antibiotic resistance; gram-positive cocci; etiology; blood cultures.
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