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)
Hacia una distinta comprensión del ámbito político / Mario Díaz D., José A. Mateos Castro
78
El desacuerdo en el diálogo pone en tela de juicio el horizonte de sentido de
donde emerge. De este modo, a partir de Gadamer en Verdad y método I, se de-
be estar dispuesto siempre a dejarse decir algo por esas diversas alteridades,
sobre todo políticas, que se resisten a ser anuladas, invisibilizadas, a no ser
reconocidas en su diferencia y dignidad —de raza, etnia, religión y sexual—.
Porque de lo que se trata es de hacer visible y transparente el estado de cosas,
situación que la mayoría de las veces incomoda, discrimina y violenta a las di-
ferentes alteridades como hoy podemos todavía verlo.
En nuestras sociedades “democráticas” contemporáneas, la lucha por el
reconocimiento a la dignidad, a los derechos sociales y humanos, así como
la búsqueda de justicia y de condiciones de vida más humanas cuestionan
el horizonte de sentido político y social sustentado por las instituciones, las
creencias, las opiniones y las prácticas sociales y políticas —muchas veces di-
fundidas por los medios de comunicación y por corporaciones transnaciona-
les y grupos de poder—. Las diferentes alteridades deenden causas legítimas
—derechos, justicia, vida digna, reconocimiento— y muestran razones por las
cuales hay que protestar, disentir, resistir o luchar. Esto implica enriquecer y
transformar siempre el horizonte de sentido social a través del diálogo políti-
co prudente, ya que permite interpelar a la tradición, algo así como un “esta-
do de excepción declarado” (Agamben, 2016, p. 57). Curiosamente, al mismo
tiempo, el diálogo político prudente enriquece el horizonte de sentido social,
lo abre, se deja decir algo por las alteridades para percatarse de que el hori-
zonte es mucho más amplio, que incluye más preocupaciones, más problemas,
más asuntos que competen a todos en un momento u horizonte determinado.
Esto es, pues, la posibilidad de un diálogo prudente donde cada una de las al-
teridades se arma y tiene algo que decir, que aportar y que hacer, lo cual no
implica alcanzar un consenso, más bien, un acuerdo sobre un tema o proble-
mas que competen a los dialogantes dentro de un horizonte de sentido social.
Pensemos en los asuntos pendientes y perennes de nuestra sociedad: la ver-
dad, la justicia, la libertad, la equidad, el reconocimiento, la vida digna, por
mencionar algunos, son problemas comunes en que las alteridades, en la fusión
horizontes, pueden coincidir políticamente. Son temas que se pueden discutir
y que permiten abrir el horizonte de sentido, lo que implica que son problemas
todavía abiertos, porque de otra manera el diálogo político estaría clausurado,
es decir, los problemas serían legitimados para que las cosas permanezcan igual.
Por lo dicho hasta aquí, el disenso —y no el consenso desde las cosas mis-
mas— es la idea regulativa de la política desde la mirada gadameriana, debido
a que la vida en comunidad está sujeta a la problematización constante y, de
algún modo, a las alteridades que provocan desajustes (movilidad histórica)
en las tradiciones. Es en el diálogo donde dejamos de pertenecernos, ya que